Which combination of findings defines Tetralogy of Fallot in fetal imaging?

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Multiple Choice

Which combination of findings defines Tetralogy of Fallot in fetal imaging?

Tetralogy of Fallot is defined by four structural features that together create the classic pattern seen on fetal imaging: right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (subpulmonary stenosis), a ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta that receives blood from both ventricles, and right ventricular hypertrophy from the persistent outflow obstruction. In fetal echocardiography, the hallmark is identifying the outflow tract obstruction in combination with a VSD and an aorta that sits over the septum, with signs of RV remodeling. Having only one of these findings, such as obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract alone, does not establish TOF because two other essential features (the VSD and overriding aorta) are missing. The other options describe different conditions or configurations—AV canal defect with intact septum, transposition of the great arteries, or just RVOT obstruction without the full quartet.

Tetralogy of Fallot is defined by four structural features that together create the classic pattern seen on fetal imaging: right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (subpulmonary stenosis), a ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta that receives blood from both ventricles, and right ventricular hypertrophy from the persistent outflow obstruction. In fetal echocardiography, the hallmark is identifying the outflow tract obstruction in combination with a VSD and an aorta that sits over the septum, with signs of RV remodeling.

Having only one of these findings, such as obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract alone, does not establish TOF because two other essential features (the VSD and overriding aorta) are missing. The other options describe different conditions or configurations—AV canal defect with intact septum, transposition of the great arteries, or just RVOT obstruction without the full quartet.

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