Conotruncal defects are defined as CHDs involving the outflow tracts. Which of the following is a classic conotruncal defect?

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Conotruncal defects arise from abnormal development of the outflow tract septum that divides the great arteries, typically due to neural crest cell migration problems affecting the truncus arteriosus and conus. A classic example is Tetralogy of Fallot, where misalignment of the conotruncal septum leads to a ventricular septal defect with pulmonary stenosis, an overriding aorta, and consequent right ventricular hypertrophy. This组合—VSD plus obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and abnormal aorta over the VSD—embodies the outflow tract malformation central to conotruncal defects.

Atrial septal defect involves the interatrial septum and not the outflow tracts. Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta, not a defect in outflow tract septation. Anomalous pulmonary venous return is a venous connection anomaly rather than a failure of outflow tract development.